Which of the following are signs of dementia?

• A. Memory loss and excellent problem-solving skills
• B. Difficulty with language and consistent focus
• C. Memory loss, difficulty with language, and changes in personality
• D. Increased energy and improved cognitive function

Answer: (C)

The correct answer encompasses common signs associated with dementia, which is a decline in cognitive function that interferes with daily life. Memory loss is often one of the first and most evident symptoms in individuals with dementia. As the condition progresses, people may experience difficulty with language, which can manifest as forgetting words, having trouble following conversations, or struggling to express thoughts clearly.

Changes in personality are also significant in dementia. Individuals may exhibit shifts in behavior, mood, and personality traits, which can include increased apathy, withdrawal from social activities, or changes in their usual temperament. These cognitive and behavioral impairments are characteristic of various types of dementia, making this choice a comprehensive representation of the condition’s symptoms.

The other options do not align with the clinical presentation of dementia. For instance, showing excellent problem-solving skills or consistent focus contradicts the cognitive impairments that define dementia. Increased energy and improved cognitive function are not associated with dementia but rather would suggest a positive change in an individual's condition, which is not typical in dementia. Thus, the presence of memory loss, difficulty with language, and changes in personality clearly identifies the impact of dementia on functioning.